CVE-2025-4960
macOS Local Privilege Escalation via Improper Authorization Handling in EPSON Printer Controller Installer
Description
The com.epson.InstallNavi.helper tool, deployed with the EPSON printer driver installer, contains a local privilege escalation vulnerability due to multiple flaws in its implementation. It fails to properly authenticate clients over the XPC protocol and does not correctly enforce macOS’s authorization model, exposing privileged functionality to untrusted users. Although it invokes the AuthorizationCopyRights API, it does so using overly permissive custom rights that it registers in the system’s authorization database (/var/db/auth.db). These rights can be requested and granted by the authorization daemon to any local user, regardless of privilege level. As a result, an attacker can exploit the vulnerable service to perform privileged operations such as executing arbitrary commands or installing system components without requiring administrative credentials.
INFO
Published Date :
Feb. 19, 2026, 7:17 a.m.
Last Modified :
Feb. 19, 2026, 3:53 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
41c37e40-543d-43a2-b660-2fee83ea851a
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 41c37e40-543d-43a2-b660-2fee83ea851a | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | MITRE-CVE |
Solution
- Update the EPSON printer driver installer.
- Remove the com.epson.InstallNavi.helper tool.
- Review system authorization database entries.
- Reinstall the EPSON printer driver.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-4960.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://pentraze.com/vulnerability-reports/ | |
| https://pentraze.com/vulnerability-reports/cve-2025-4960/ |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-4960 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-4960
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-4960 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-4960 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
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New CVE Received by 41c37e40-543d-43a2-b660-2fee83ea851a
Feb. 19, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description The com.epson.InstallNavi.helper tool, deployed with the EPSON printer driver installer, contains a local privilege escalation vulnerability due to multiple flaws in its implementation. It fails to properly authenticate clients over the XPC protocol and does not correctly enforce macOS’s authorization model, exposing privileged functionality to untrusted users. Although it invokes the AuthorizationCopyRights API, it does so using overly permissive custom rights that it registers in the system’s authorization database (/var/db/auth.db). These rights can be requested and granted by the authorization daemon to any local user, regardless of privilege level. As a result, an attacker can exploit the vulnerable service to perform privileged operations such as executing arbitrary commands or installing system components without requiring administrative credentials. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-863 Added Reference https://pentraze.com/vulnerability-reports/ Added Reference https://pentraze.com/vulnerability-reports/cve-2025-4960/